[리눅스]11.27 교육 정리

1교시 09:30 ~ 10:30>
vmware Ver - 15.x
centos Ver - 8.x

2교시 10:40 ~ 11:40>
VM ware Network Setting>
    - Nat : IP 192.168.10.0 / GW 192.168.10.2 / SM 255.255.255.0

3교시 11:50 ~ 12:50>
Client 방식>
- thin client : 사용하는 용량만큼만 할당하여 디스크를 사용하는 방식
- thick client : 지정한 디스크의 용량을 사전 할당

CentOs 설치>
- Install CentOS Linux 8 : 일반 설치
- Test this media & install CentOS Linux 8 : 미디어 테스트 후 설치 / 물리적 DVD 사용하는 경우 사용
- Troubleshooting
    - Install CentOs Linux 8 in basic graphics mode : 모니터가 해상도를 지원하지 못하는 경우에 기본 해상도를 사용하는
- Boot from local drive : 로컬 드라이브로 부팅

계정 및 패스워드 설정>
    - root : root / redhat
- user : team01 / team01

4교시 11:50 ~ 13:30>
hostname 설정>
[root@server1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname server1.example.com

hostname 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# hostname
server1.example.com

ip 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# hostname -i
fe80::20c:29ff:fe0d:4758%ens33 192.168.10.200 192.168.122.1

Putty 접속 방법>
192.168.10.200 > open

5교시 14:30 ~ 15:30>
Vmware백업>
- Clone 방식
    - Full Clone : 기존 머신 복제(원본이 사리지더라도 사용 가능)
- Link Clone : 기존 머신 연결 복제(원본이 사라지면 사용 불가능)
- OVF : image 배포시 사용 됨
- Snapshot : 현재 시점의 파일들을 사진찍듯 보존하는 기술

6교시 15:40 ~ 16:40>
CentOs / Putty 환경 구성 설정>
- 글자 크기 조정

Run Level 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# who -r

Run Level>
0 - halt                          시스템종료
3 - full multiuser                멀티유저가능(모든 기능 사용 가능)
5 - full multiuser, graphical     그래픽모드를 지원하는 멀티유저 
6 - reboot                        재부팅

Run Level 변경>
[root@server1 ~]# init 3

웹 콘솔 시작과 종료>
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl start cockpit.socket
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl stop cokckpit.socket

웹 콘솔 확인>
https://192.168.10.200:9090/

언어 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# echo $LANG
en_US.UTF-8
[root@server1 ~]# locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

지원 언어 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# locale -a
C
C.utf8
en_AG
en_AU
en_AU.utf8
en_BW
en_BW.utf8
en_CA
en_CA.utf8
en_DK
en_DK.utf8
en_GB
en_GB.iso885915
en_GB.utf8
en_HK
en_HK.utf8
en_IE
en_IE@euro
en_IE.utf8
en_IL
en_IN
en_NG
en_NZ
en_NZ.utf8
en_PH
en_PH.utf8
en_SC.utf8
en_SG
en_SG.utf8
en_US
en_US.iso885915
en_US.utf8
en_ZA
en_ZA.utf8
en_ZM
en_ZW
en_ZW.utf8
ko_KR.euckr
ko_KR.utf8
POSIX

임시적인 언어 변경>
[root@server1 ~]# export LANG=C

환경변수 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# env
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.m4a=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.opus=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:
SSH_CONNECTION=192.168.10.1 49714 192.168.10.200 22
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
HOSTNAME=server1.example.com
XDG_SESSION_ID=3
USER=root
SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED=
PWD=/root
SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass
HOME=/root
SSH_CLIENT=192.168.10.1 49714 22
SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED=
XDG_DATA_DIRS=/root/.local/share/flatpak/exports/share:/var/lib/flatpak/exports/share:/usr/local/share:/usr/share
SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
MAIL=/var/spool/mail/root
TERM=xterm
SHELL=/bin/bash
SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE=
SHLVL=1
LOGNAME=root
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/run/user/0/bus
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/0
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
HISTSIZE=1000
LESSOPEN=||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s
_=/usr/bin/env

지역변수 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# set
...

제어문자>
Ctrl + C    현재 실행중인 프로그램을 인터럽트(Interrupt) 걸어서 종료한다.
Ctrl + D    "파일의 끝(EOF)" 의미 또는 "현재 쉘 종료(exit)" 의미를 갖는다.

제어문자 예제>
[root@server1 ~]# mkdir -p /test
[root@server1 ~]# cd /test
[root@server1 ~]# pwd
/test
[root@server1 ~]# cat > file1
Hello, Linux
[root@server1 ~]# cat file1
Hello, Linux

[root@server1 ~]# cat > file2 << STOP
> hostname
> STOP
[root@server1 ~]# cat file2
hostname
[root@server1 ~]#

7교시 16:50 ~ 17:50>
시스템 종료>
[root@server1 ~]# halt
[root@server1 ~]# poweroff
[root@server1 ~]# init 0
[root@server1 ~]# shutdown -h now

시스템 재부팅>
[root@server1 ~]# reboot
[root@server1 ~]# init 6
[root@server1 ~]# shutdown -r now

사용자 계정추가>
[root@server1 ~]# useradd fedora

사용자 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# id fedora
[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep frdora

사용자 패스워드 변경>
[root@server1 ~]# passwd fedora

사용자 변경>
[root@server1 ~]# su - fedora

사용자 패스워드 변경 - 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# echo 'redhat' | passwd --stdin root

8교시 18:00 ~ 18:30>
메뉴얼 확인>
[root@server1 ~]# man 명령어

메뉴얼 이동>
enter : 한줄씩 넘기기
space : 한 페이지 앞으로 넘기기
^b : 한 페이지 뒤로 넘기기
/ : 검색
n : 한개씩 앞으로
N : 한개씩 뒤로
q : 종료

메뉴얼 색인 데이터베이스 생성>
[root@server1 ~]# dnf -y install man-db-cron
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:48 ago on Sat 27 Nov 2021 05:36:28 PM KST.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================
 Package                        Architecture              Version                            Repository                 Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
 man-db-cron                    noarch                    2.7.6.1-18.el8                     baseos                     19 k
Upgrading:
 man-db                         x86_64                    2.7.6.1-18.el8                     baseos                    887 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package
Upgrade  1 Package

Total download size: 906 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): man-db-cron-2.7.6.1-18.el8.noarch.rpm                                                 185 kB/s |  19 kB     00:00
(2/2): man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                      3.3 MB/s | 887 kB     00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                        1.2 MB/s | 906 kB     00:00
warning: /var/cache/dnf/baseos-929b586ef1f72f69/packages/man-db-cron-2.7.6.1-18.el8.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                                                                      1.5 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                     1/1
  Running scriptlet: man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64                                                                        1/1
  Running scriptlet: man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64                                                                        1/3
  Upgrading        : man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64                                                                        1/3
  Running scriptlet: man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64                                                                        1/3
  Installing       : man-db-cron-2.7.6.1-18.el8.noarch                                                                   2/3
  Cleanup          : man-db-2.7.6.1-17.el8.x86_64                                                                        3/3
  Running scriptlet: man-db-2.7.6.1-17.el8.x86_64                                                                        3/3
  Running scriptlet: man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64                                                                        3/3
  Verifying        : man-db-cron-2.7.6.1-18.el8.noarch                                                                   1/3
  Verifying        : man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64                                                                        2/3
  Verifying        : man-db-2.7.6.1-17.el8.x86_64                                                                        3/3
Installed products updated.

Upgraded:
  man-db-2.7.6.1-18.el8.x86_64
Installed:
  man-db-cron-2.7.6.1-18.el8.noarch

Complete!

[root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/cron.daily
[root@server1 ~]# ls
grotate  man-db.cron
[root@server1 ~]# ./man-db.cron
[root@server1 ~]#

매뉴얼 페이지 각 섹션별 정보>
  1     누구나 실행할 수 있는 사용자 명령 (User Commands)
  5     파일 포맷 (File Formats), 예를 들어 /etc/passwd
  8     시스템 관리자만 실행할 수 있는 시스템 관리용 명령들 (Maintenance Commands)
 
메뉴얼 정보 확인 명령어>
[root@server1 ~]# whatis ls    명령어의 메뉴얼 파일 섹션 확인
ls (1)               - list directory contents
ls (1p)              - list directory contents    
[root@server1 ~]# whereis ls   명령어의 바이너리 파일 경로, 메뉴얼 파일 실제 경로
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz
[root@server1 ~]# which ls     명령어 실제 경로
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
        /usr/bin/ls 

 

 

https://youtu.be/s63djsgvsPg