[리눅스마스터]제1501회 리눅스마스터 1급 2차 시험 단답식 풀이 3

8. 다음 조건에 맞게 crontab 설정을 하려고 할 때 다음 괄호 안에 들어갈 내용을 적으시오.

( ① ) ( ② ) ( ③ ) ( ④ ) ( ⑤ ) root /etc/backup.sh

<조 건>
- 매주 월, 수, 금 오전 4시에 해당 작업이 수행되도록 한다.
- 백업 스크립트인 /etc/backup.sh는 생성되어 있다.

 

/etc/crontab : 주기적으로 수행

 

[root@server1 ~]# /find / -name crontab
-bash: /find: No such file or directory
[root@server1 ~]# find / -name crontab
/sys/fs/selinux/class/passwd/perms/crontab
/etc/crontab
/usr/bin/crontab

 

[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/crontab

SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root

# For details see man 4 crontabs

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed

 

① 0

② 4

③ *

④ *

⑤ 1,3,5

 

9. 다음은 부트로더의 접근제한에 대한 내용이다. ( 괄호 )안에 알맞은 내용을 적으시오.

timeout=( ① )
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
( ② ) -md5 $1NmiJ1$5tumUAi5FlupA3Msu1m.
title Linux Server (2.6.18-308.el5)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.linux ro
root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-308.linux.img

<조 건>
- 부트로더 접근시간을 10 초로 제한 한다.
- 부트로더 접근시 패스워드 인증을 한다.

 

- GRUB : GNU 프로젝트에서 만든 부트로더

-/boot/grub/grub.conf : 환경 설정 파일

 

# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf

timeout : 부팅화면에서 대기하는 시간 지정 / GRUB 메뉴 화면에서 대기 시간(단위 : 초)

password : 부팅화면 진입 패스워드

 

<제1401회 단답식 9 번 문제 출제>

 

ⓘ 10

② password

 

10. 다음은 tar 명령어를 이용한 백업 예제이다. 조건에 맞는 명령어 형식을 완성하시오.

# cd /home
# tar cvf( ① ) /backup/backup_` ( ② )`.tar.gz .

<조 건>
- ① : 백업 파일이 생성될 때 압축을 한다. (압축은 gzip를 사용한다.)
- ② : /backup 디렉터리안에 백업 파일이 생성 되어야 하며 backup_<오늘날짜>.tar.gz 파일이 생성되어야 한다.
(예: /backup/backup_0513.tar.gz)

 

- tar : 테이프 관련 장치를 이용하여 백업할 때 사용하는 명령어

 

<옵션>

-Z : compress 관련 옵션으로 예전 UNIX 계열 표준 압축 파일인 tar.Z 에 사용한다.
-J : xz 관련 옵션으로 압축 파일인 tar.xz 에 사용한다.
-z : gzip 관련 옵션으로 압축 파일인 tar.gz 에 사용한다.
-j : bzip2 관련 옵션으로 압축 파일은 tar.bz2 에 사용한다.

 

[root@server1 ~]# man tar

 

Common options:
       -C, --directory=DIR
              change to directory DIR

       -f, --file=ARCHIVE
              use archive file or device ARCHIVE

       -j, --bzip2
              filter the archive through bzip2

        -J, --xz
              filter the archive through xz

       -p, --preserve-permissions
              extract  information  about  file permissions (default for superuser)

       -v, --verbose
              verbosely list files processed

       -z, --gzip
              filter the archive through gzip

 

[root@server1 ~]# date --h
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -d, --date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not 'now'
  -f, --file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
  -I[TIMESPEC], --iso-8601[=TIMESPEC]  output date/time in ISO 8601 format.
                            TIMESPEC='date' for date only (the default),
                            'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', or 'ns' for date
                            and time to the indicated precision.
  -r, --reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE
  -R, --rfc-2822            output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
                            Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
      --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC   output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
                            TIMESPEC='date', 'seconds', or 'ns' for
                            date and time to the indicated precision.
                            Date and time components are separated by
                            a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
  -s, --set=STRING          set time described by STRING
  -u, --utc, --universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:

  %%   a literal %
  %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
  %A   locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
  %b   locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
  %B   locale's full month name (e.g., January)
  %c   locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
  %C   century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
  %d   day of month (e.g., 01)
  %D   date; same as %m/%d/%y
  %e   day of month, space padded; same as %_d
  %F   full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
  %g   last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
  %G   year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
  %h   same as %b
  %H   hour (00..23)
  %I   hour (01..12)
  %j   day of year (001..366)
  %k   hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
  %l   hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
  %m   month (01..12)
  %M   minute (00..59)
  %n   a newline
  %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
  %p   locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
  %P   like %p, but lower case
  %r   locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
  %R   24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
  %s   seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  %S   second (00..60)
  %t   a tab
  %T   time; same as %H:%M:%S
  %u   day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
  %U   week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
  %V   ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
  %w   day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
  %W   week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
  %x   locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
  %X   locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
  %y   last two digits of year (00..99)
  %Y   year
  %z   +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
  %:z  +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
  %::z  +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
  %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
  %Z   alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
The following optional flags may follow '%':

  -  (hyphen) do not pad the field
  _  (underscore) pad with spaces
  0  (zero) pad with zeros
  ^  use upper case if possible
  #  use opposite case if possible

After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

Examples:
Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date
  $ date --date='@2147483647'

Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ)
  $ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date

Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US
  $ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'date invocation'

 

① z

② date +%m%d